The Moorish Arch.

As well as the engineering achievements, Stephenson was asked by the directors to build something ornate on the line and he chose a Moorish Arch which was built over the line in the Edge Hill cutting. Stephenson skillfully used this arch to hide the two stationary engines which powered the incline into Wapping.

 The Liverpool & Manchester line was so successful that in the the 1860s it needed a wider line to give additional access to Crown Street Station. Unfortunately, this meant that the Moorish Arch had to be taken down.




Edge Hill cutting (wiki)

Edge Hill cutting, Liverpool with eastern portals of three tunnels - New Crown Street (left), Wapping (middle), and Old Crown Street right. On right hand side is the site of the winding engines required to pull trains up to Crown St station - the original terminus of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.


Liverpool's Historic Rail Tunnels

Crown Street Tunnel - 1829

 Running to Crown Street Station, 1829. Built by George Stephenson, a single track tunnel 291 yards long was bored from Edge Hill to Crown Street to serve the world's first passenger railway station. The station was abandoned in 1836 being too far from Liverpool city centre, with the area converted for freight use. Closed down in 1972, the tunnel is disused. However it is:
The oldest rail tunnel running under streets.
The second oldest rail tunnel in the world after the very short 1804 tunnel at Pentrebach, Merthyr Tydfil.

 ET Edge Hill. Crown St tunnel to the right, Wapping Tunnel in the middle. Both disused. To the left the 1840s Crown St tunnel, still sue for shunting

Edge Hill cutting - 291 yards Crown Street Stephenson tunnel right, 1.26 mile Wapping Tunnel in the middle. To the left the short 1846 Crown Street tunnel

The dilapidated state of the Cutting from the air. Looking from the east

 Edge Hill in 1830. The tunnel to the left is short and for storage. In 1848 it was bored right through to Crown St and is still used today for shunting.

Wapping Tunnel - 1830

 The 1.26 mile (2.03 km) 1830 Wapping Tunnel in Liverpool, England, was the first rail tunnel bored under a metropolis. Currently disused since 1972 it is the second oldest tunnel under streets in the world. Having two tracks, the tunnel runs from Edge Hill in the east of the city to the south end Liverpool docks being used only for freight. 


 The tunnel is still in excellent condition and is being considered for reuse by Merseyrail rapid transit rail system, with maybe an underground station cut into the tunnel. The river portal is opposite the new Liverpool Arena being ideal for a serving station. If reused it will be the oldest used underground rail tunnel in the world and oldest part of any underground metro system.

Lime Street Tunnel - 1836

 1836, Lime St Station tunnel, Liverpool. A two track rail tunnel, 1.13 miles (1,811 m) long was bored under a metropolis from Edge Hill in the east of the city to Lime Street. In the 1880s the tunnel was converted to a deep open cutting four tracks wide. The only occurrence of a tunnel being removed. A very short section of the original tunnel still exists at Edge Hill and makes this the oldest tunnel in the world still in use and the oldest under a street, albeit only one street.


 At Edge Hill station additional one track tunnels were bored either side of the station platforms and the original 1836 tunnel to increase capacity to 4 lines.

Victoria/Waterloo Tunnel - 1849

 This is one tunnel that changes its name along its run. The 2.07 miles (3.34 km) Waterloo Tunnel in Liverpool, opened in 1849, was bored under a metropolis. Initially used only for rail freight and later freight and passengers serving the Liverpool ship liner terminal at the Pier Head, the tunnel runs from Edge Hill in the east of the city to the north end Liverpool docks. 


 Used until 1972 it is still in excellent condition, being considered for reuse by the Merseyrail rapid transit rail system. Stations being cut into the tunnel are being considered. Also, reuse by a monorail system from the proposed Liverpool Waters redevelopment of Liverpool's Central Docks has been proposed.






 At Edge Hill. The tunnel to the right is the disused 1848 Waterloo tunnel. The lines run in a few hundred yards. The tunnel to the left is the addition 1880's tunnel that runs into the cutting beyond. The original 1836 tunnel is the centre of the station beyond. It runs for a matter yards under Tunnel Rd above. It is still used making it the oldest used tunnel in the world and the oldest under streets. The red sandstone is blackened by the smoke from trains.

River Mersey Rail Tunnel - 1886

 The Mersey Railway tunnel opened in 1886 running from Liverpool to Birkenhead under the River Mersey. By 1892 the extensions on land from Birkenhead Park station to Liverpool Central Low level station gave a tunnel 3.12 miles (5029 m) in length. The under river section is 0.75 miles in length, being the longest underwater tunnel in world in 1886.




PHOTOGRAPHING DIESEL PHOTOS


A final fling in the 1980s...Whistlers, Peaks, Hoovers, Duffs...




For My & Your Memory:  DISUSED STATION

Station Name: LIVERPOOL CROWN STREET


ALSO for additional:

The Wapping tunnel entrance is 5.60 metres high and 7.05 metres wide and considering its length it was a very ambitious project for 1830. Like the Crown Street tunnel the Wapping tunnel is also cut through solid rock with brick arching. For much of its length it is dry but close to the western portal there is standing water which eventually becomes deep. The southernmost tunnel is the largest and although entering the cutting about 1 metre higher than the others, it is 6.50 metres high and 7.60 metres wide.

My Project In Process

The Carriage in 1829

My Research

The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR) was the world's first inter-city passenger railway in which all the trains were timetabled and were hauled for most of the distance solely by steam locomotives. 

Planet replica

A working replica of en:Robert Stephenson's en:1830 locomotive ''Planet'' which ran on the en:Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Seen here at the en:Manchester Science Museum. Photo by [[:en:User:G-Man


This edited article about railways originally appeared in Look and Learn issue number 967 published on 20 September 1980.

On the great day, 15th September, 1830, eight trains, all to be drawn by Stephenson-built locomotives, were assembled at Liverpool’s Edge Hill station, ready to make the run to Manchester. The engines were built on the same general lines as the Rocket, but some incorporated improvements, especially the Northumbrian.



Opening Liverpool and Manchester Railway

The first man to be killed by a train

Huskisson is the first person in history whose death from a railway accident has been widely noted.(Earlier deaths due to being struck by a steam locomotive occurred in 1821 and 1827, and fatal boiler explosions in 1815 and 1828.) While attending the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, Huskisson rode down the line in the same train as the Duke of Wellington.




Early Images of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway - 1833


........ the L&MR had the distinction of being the world's first intercity railway. Thus, the article gives an insight into how those living in the 1830s perceived the early railways.






The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was opened on 15 September 1830 and on 11 November 1830 the Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the first regular passenger service to carry mail for the Post Office. Mail coaches of the day were pulled by locos as depicted on the postcard. The illustration shows the train in 1831.

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Northumbrian

The locomotive ''Northumbrian'', ''circa'' 1830. (Some sources name this locomotive as Stephenson's ''Rocket'', but this is incorrect; ''Rocket'' was yellow at this time, and of a different external design.

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The following photographs were taken in April 2009.
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Replica of Robert Stephenson's locomotive, the "Rocket".  The "Rocket" took part in the Rainhill Trials in October 1829.  Ten locomotives were originally entered for the Trials, but only five turned up and two of these were withdrawn during the first couple of days of the trials.  A further two suffered mechanical problems, and by the third day,  the "Rocket" was the only locomotive left in the competition.  That day it covered 35 miles in 3 hours 12 minutes.  Hauling 13 tons of loaded wagons, the "Rocket" averaged over 12 mph.  On one trip it reached 25 mph and on a locomotive-only run, 29 mph.

The replica "Rocket" with reproduction carriages.
At the end of the Trial, the owners of the "Rocket" were awarded the £500 first prize.
 The contract to produce locomotives for the Liverpool & Manchester Railway
 went to the Robert Stephenson Company at Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
 The original "Rocket" is preserved in the Science Museum in London.

Close up of the Rocket's reproduction carriages in Liverpool & Manchester Railway Company livery.


Remains of Stephenson's 'Rocket' (1829) on display

Remains of Stephenson's 'Rocket', 1829. On display in the 'Making the Modern World' gallery, Science Museum, London. The Rocket, designed by Robert Stephenson (1803-1859) became famous after winning the Rainhill Trials of 1829. The Rainhill Trials were a series of speed tests to find the best locomotive for haulage on the Liverpool & Manchester Railway. After winning the competition the Rocket ran on the Liverpool & Manchester Railway (1829-1836) and the Midgeholme Colliery Railway (1836-1840).